الصلوات المفروضة,وعدد ركعاتها

الحمد لله والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله وعلى آله وصحبه أما بعد:

فالصلوات المفروضة على المسلم خمس، وهي: الظهر أربع ركعات، والعصر أربع ركعات، والمغرب وهي ثلاث ركعات، والعشاء أربع ركعات، والصبح ركعتان، قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: ( أمني جبريل - عليه السلام - عند البيت مرتين، فصلي بي الظهر، حين زالت الشمس، وكانت قدر الشراك، وصلى بي العصر، حين كان ظله مثله، وصلى بي المغرب، حين أفطر الصائم، وصلى بي العشاء حين غاب الشفق، وصلى بي الفجر، حين حرم الطعام والشراب على الصائم، فلما كان الغد، صلى بي الظهر حين كان ظله مثله، وصلى بي العصر، حين كان ظله مثليه، وصلى بي المغرب، حين أفطر الصائم، وصلى بي العشاء إلى ثلثي الليل، وصلى بي الفجر فأسفر، ثم التفت إلي وقال: يا محمد: هذا وقت الأنبياء من قبلك، والوقت ما بين هذين الوقتين) رواه أحمد، وأبو داود، والترمذي، والحاكم من حديث ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما.




منقول وانشروه جزاكم الله خير

Praying during the night

The Prophet as a Man — 78: Prayers During the Night

Adil Salahi, Arab News

Prayer at night, when people are normally asleep, is one of the most rewarding acts of worship a Muslim can do, particularly when one is alone. Some night prayers, such as Taraweeh in Ramadan, are offered in congregation. These are certainly very beneficial, but when one is alone, unseen by anyone other than God, his sincerity is not questionable. For, what would prompt a man to abandon his sleep in order to offer prayers that God does not require as a duty, unless that person is sincere in his devotion? When prayer is motivated by sincere devotion and strong faith, it is richly rewarded by God, who is certain to answer our supplication.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was the most devoted and sincere worshipper of God in the history of mankind. He felt at his happiest when he stood up in prayer, praising God and expressing his gratitude to Him. History has not preserved anything that expresses man’s gratitude to God and extols His praises better than what Prophet Muhammad’s words that have been authentically reported to us by his companions. He indeed taught his companions how to praise God and helped them to memorize such praises. Nevertheless, it is the formal prayer that carries the best reward. When such prayer is offered voluntarily, it marks the worshipper’s devotedness as well as his appreciation of God’s many blessings that we all enjoy.
The Prophet often prayed at night, when alone, and he often spent hours in such voluntary devotion. His companions and followers were always keen to learn what voluntary prayers he offered and how he offered them. We have many reports on this subject that we will discuss briefly today and over the next couple of weeks.
Aishah reports: “God’s Messenger used to pray after he had prayed Isha and up till dawn eleven rak’ahs, completing each two rak’ahs separately with salam. He would then add the witr in one rak’ah, offering two prostrations as long as any of you would need to read 50 verses of the Qur’an before he lifted his head. When the caller to Fajr, or dawn, prayer would have finished his adhan and he was certain that Fajr time was due, he would stand up to offer two short rak’ahs in Sunnah. He then would recline on his right side, until the caller to prayer came to him. He would then go out to the mosque. Some reporters may add something here or there.” (Related by Muslim and others.)
This was perhaps the most frequent form of night worship the Prophet offered, consisting of 11 rak’ahs. We should, perhaps, note here that some scholars, like the Hanafi school of thought, prefer that the witr is offered in three rak’ahs together, sitting for a short tashahhud after the second rak’ah. This means that they would offer 8 rak’ahs in night worship, completing each two separately and then joining the last three for witr. However, most other scholars prefer that the witr is offered in two separate lots, one consisting of two rak’ahs that end with salam, and followed by a single rak’ah. We are also told in this Hadith that in this last rak’ah, the Prophet used to make his prostration as long as it requires any of us to read 50 verses of the Qur’an. During prostration one says, sabbih isma rabbik al-Aala, which means “Limitless in His glory is my Lord, the Most High”.
When Fajr was due the Prophet would have finished his voluntary night worship. Now it is the beginning of another day, and he would start by offering two short rak’ahs before the obligatory prayer. If there was time before the obligatory prayer was called, the Prophet would recline on his right side. Then he would lead the congregation when the obligatory prayer was called.
But this was by no means a daily occurrence. On most nights the Prophet did some night worship, but he did not consistently offer 11 rak’ahs. Masrooq says that he asked Aishah about the Prophet’s night worship, and she said: “He might offer seven or nine or eleven rak’ahs other than the two preceding the obligatory Fajr prayer.” (Related by Al-Bukhari.) This Hadith mentions that the Prophet varied the number of rak’ahs he offered at night, in order not to indicate that any particular number was required. Since such prayer is voluntary, it is left to the individual to decide how many rak’ahs he wants to pray and how long he wants to make them. The fact that the Prophet varied his night prayer means that any number of rak’ahs is acceptable.
Abdullah ibn Abbas, the Prophet’s cousin, reports that he slept over once at his maternal aunt, Maymoonah, the Prophet’s wife. “I slept across the mattress, while the Prophet and his wife slept over its length. The Prophet slept until midnight, or a little before it or a little after it, when he woke up. He sat up wiping his face with his hands. He then read the last ten verses of Surah 3 before going up to a hanged water container made of hide. He performed ablution well and stood up to pray. I rose and did exactly as he did and stood alongside him. The Prophet put his right hand on my head and held my right ear pulling it lightly. He offered two rak’ahs, then another two; then two and two; then a further two and two before he prayed witr. He then reclined until the person calling Fajr prayer came to him. He rose and prayed two short rak’ahs and went out to pray the obligatory dawn prayer.” (Related by Malik, Al-Bukhari and Muslim.)
Although Ibn Abbas was at the time a boy around 10 years of age, he was certainly aware of what went on. He also seems to be keen to do as the Prophet did. Hence, he watched him as he did his ablutions, then stood next to him as he prayed. As it is clear in other reports, when Ibn Abbas stood by the Prophet in prayer, he stood to the Prophet’s left. This is not the position for a single worshipper behind the imam. He must be to the imam’s right. Hence, the Prophet pulled him gently so as to bring him over to his right. The number of rak’ahs the Prophet offered on this occasion was 13, which is reported to be the highest he ever offered at night. What is also noticeable is that he often reclined in between night prayer to give himself some rest

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